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Frostbite is a damage to the skin and tissue that occurs when there is over exposure to the cold, whether it be winter temps, or something that is extremely cold. That is also the main cause for frostbite. If a person is over exposed the skin goes through a freezing process.
The chances of getting frost bit heighten if a person takes beta-blockers. Taking beta-blockers decrease the free flow of blood to the skin, thus not keeping it as protected by it’s warmth. Also smoking increases the risk of getting frostbite. Diabetes is also another risk factor in being in cold temperatures and getting frostbite. Diabetics have poor circulation, there fore leading to poor body temps and keeping the body warm in severe temps.
Symptoms of a person suffering from frostbite would be a “pins and needles” sensation that occurs on the affected parts. It will tend to feel like someone is pricking them with a small pin over and over all over the effected area or areas. A numb sensation may also occur within the area. The skin is a pale color, feels very cold to the touch, and has little to no feeling in it. When the skin has thawed it is a cherry red color and is very painful. Severe frostbite will blister and possible gangrene can occur.
Treating frostbite depend on the severity of it. In the first signs of frostbite the affected person should go to a warm place and areas should be covered with luke warm water, not hot because that will make the frostbite hurt even worse. The skin needs to thaw at a gradual pace. Sterile dressing needs to be applied, but no creams should be applied unless directed so by a doctor. The thawed areas should be moved as little as possible. Also replacing the lost fluid with warm drinks will also help the body warm up. A doctor should be consulted.
In order to prevent frostbite from occurring, a person needs to wear warm clothing to cover skin. Cloth scarves and gloves should be worn to cover hands and face. Drinking or smoking in the cold will effect circulation and should not be done while in frigid temperature. Before going into cold temps for a long period of time, plenty of food and rest are needed to keep the person strong.
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